[2] At that time, the rich Bydgoszcz burgher Jan Łapimucha funded a one-nave brick church on the outskirts of today's Poznanska street.

At the time, next to the church was standing the house chaplain, with outbuildings, orchard and gardens, then located in the vicinity of today's old town.

There were also three consecrated altar: the main one bore a picture of the Black Madonna of Częstochowa, the other two were dedicated to Jesus and the Holy Trinity.

The devastated building then served as a granary, before being converted into 1790 to a powder magazine for the stationed Prussian Rifle Battalion.

The initiative was taken by a local pastor, Father Józef Choraszewski (1834–1899), who had already bought with his own funds two parcels on today's Świętej Trójcy street.

The blueprint presented a three-aisled building, with a polygonal apse and a transept, crowned with a dome and featuring a Neo-Renaissance front elevation.

A final settlement was concluded on 13 February 1906 between archbishop Edward Likowski and the Prussian Ministry of Culture,[3] with both parties agreeing with the construction in the city of two Catholic churches: Architect Roger Sławski made a new, grander project, in line with the expectations of the Polish community, so as to balance the ambition of the planned German church: the temple had to accommodate 3000 believers and mirror the architectural richness of the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus erected for the German community by the Prussian government.

In 1948, the three bells (Wojciech, Józef and Stanisław) looted by Nazi forces during World War II have been returned to the parish.

On 19 May 2013 a thanksgiving mass was held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the consecration of the church under the leadership of the local Ordinary Diocese of Bydgoszcz bishop Jan Tyrawa.

[6] Since 1996, the Bydgoszcz Music Academy - "Feliks Nowowiejski" organizes in the church the Festival of Young Organists and Vocalists- "Jerzy Popieluszko", (Polish: Ogólnopolski Festiwal Młodych Organistów i Wokalistów im.

Facade, gable and tower are adorned with typical Neo-Baroque elements such as volutes and finials, which are also present in the chapels, the sacristy and the staircase leading to the choir.