The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality council consists of 214 members elected by mixed-member proportional representation.
[1][2] In terms of the Eighth Amendment of the Constitution and the judgment of the Constitutional Court in United Democratic Movement v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others, in the period from 8–22 October 2002 councillors had the opportunity to cross the floor to a different political party without losing their seats.
[9][10] The council was expanded from 152 to 210 members, partly as a consequence of the annexation of the former Metsweding District Municipality to the City of Tshwane.
The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the elections in May 2011 and August 2016.
[11][12] The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period between the elections in August 2016 and November 2021.