Built in the shape of a truncated pyramid, it is the largest building in Brasilia designed by Niemeyer specifically for the arts.

[4] Construction was completed by March 1979, and the Villa-Lobos theatre was opened with a concert conducted by Cláudio Santoro.

On December 1, 1979, the entire complex was closed again to complete renovations, and construction began on an annex which would include offices, rehearsal rooms, and galleries.

The theatre was renamed Claudio Santoro National Theater on September 1, 1989, in honor of the Brazilian composer and violinist.

[4] In January 2014, the National Theater began a long renovation process after many irregularities detected by the Public Ministry.