Cladophialophora arxii is a black yeast shaped dematiaceous fungus that is able to cause serious phaeohyphomycotic infections.

[1][2] C. arxii was first discovered in 1995 in Germany from a 22-year-old female patient suffering multiple granulomatous tracheal tumours.

[6] Cladophialophora arxii was first discovered in a tracheal granulomatous tumour of a 22-year-old female in Berlin, Germany in 1995.

[7] The genus Cladophialophora mainly consists of species of melanized hyphomycetes that are found within human hosts.

[3] The genus Cladophialophora currently contains seven different species that are capable of causing disease in humans, C.arxii included.

Several of the species pertaining to the Cladophialophora have been reported in both tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

The fungus contained olive brown septated hyphae with both lateral and terminal acropetal conidial chains with branching.

[1] Finally, the most recently reported case of C. arxii was seen in Australia with the patient suffering from a pulmonary chromoblastomycosis.

[5] Several anti fungal drugs have been shown to be successful in treating C. arxii such 5-FC, amphotericin B, itraconazole, and interferon gamma treatment.