Carl Jung saw the polarity of extraversion and introversion as a major potential cause of personality conflicts in everyday life,[2] as well as underlying many past intellectual and philosophical disputes.
[7] However, in order to avoid recognizing harsher business bullying situations, employers are more likely to refer to these actions as a personality clash.
[8] Sigmund Freud thought a harmonious match of therapist and patient was essential for psychotherapy; but subsequent experience has demonstrated that success can follow even where there is an underlying personality clash.
[9] Neville Symington indeed saw a patient's willingness to proceed with therapy, despite her dislike of him, as a positive sign of health, and as a beginning repudiation of her narcissism.
[13] Howard Gardner saw a major part of what he called interpersonal intelligence as the ability to mediate and resolve such personality clashes from the outside.