Classical music written in collaboration

In classical music, it is relatively rare for a work to be written in collaboration by multiple composers.

Another case of note was that of Eric Fenby, who worked as amanuensis for the blind Frederick Delius.

Originally, with the studio system, composers often contributed parts of a score assigned by the head of the music department.

True collaboration has also occurred, with such varied examples as Bernard Herrmann and Alfred Newman, who together composed the music for The Egyptian (1954); and Hans Zimmer and James Newton Howard, who wrote the music for two Batman films, Batman Begins (2005) and The Dark Knight (2008).

One of the best known examples is the completion by Franco Alfano of Giacomo Puccini's opera Turandot.