Claude Auguste Court

He left France in 1818 for Baghdad and joined the Persian forces which were trained at Kermanshah by a handful of ex-officers of Napoleon's army, including Jean-Baptiste Ventura.

[3] Maharaja Ranjit Singh gave Court employment in the artillery befitting his talents and scientific attainments.

Court was responsible for the training of artillerymen, the organization of batteries and the establishment of arsenals and magazines on European lines.

After Maharaja Sher Singh's assassination in September 1843, he fled to Firozpur, in British territory, and, ultimately securing his discharge from the Sikh Army, proceeded with his Punjabi wife, Fezli Azam Joo and their children to France in 1844.

A very useful overview of Court's life in India is found in Jean-Marie Lafont's book Indika: Essays in Indo-French Relations, 1630-1976 [New Delhi, 2000].

Lafont presents an enormous amount of new information of the 'French Generals" serving in Lahore in the 1820s-30s as well as the intellectual interest France showed in all things Indian in the 19th century.

Painting of General Claude Auguste Court's Punjabi wife, Fazli Azam, with their children
Book of rubbings of Kushan coins, by Claude Auguste Court, between 1827 and 1844. British Museum .