Cleithrolepis is an extinct genus of freshwater ray-finned fish that lived from the Induan age (Early Triassic epoch) to the Anisian (Middle Triassic) in what is now Australia (New South Wales, Tasmania) and Libya.

[2] The dubious species "C." brueckneri Oertle, 1931 from the Carnian of Germany was previously assigned to this genus, although its actual taxonomic status remains uncertain.

[8] Cleithrolepis lived in rivers, billabongs and lakes in the large braided river system that deposited the Hawkesbury Sandstone in what is now New South Wales, with fossils found in shale lenses within the sandstone.

[9] Fossils were also found in Tasmania (Knocklofty Formation) and in a drill core sample from Libya, 10,840 feet (3,300 m) below the surface.

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