Climbing wall

Each hole contains a specially formed t-nut to allow modular climbing holds to be screwed onto the wall.

With manufactured steel or aluminum walls, an engineered industrial fastener is used to secure climbing holds.

The face of the multiplex board climbing surface is covered with textured products including concrete and paint or polyurethane loaded with sand.

The earliest artificial climbing walls were typically small concrete faces with protrusions made of medium-sized rocks for hand holds.

Schurman Rock in Seattle, WA is believed by some to be the first artificial climbing structure in the United States, constructed in 1939.

The most common construction method involves bolting resin hand and foot holds onto wooden boards.

The boards can be of varying height & steepness (from completely horizontal 'roofs' to near-vertical 'slabs') with a mixture of holds attached.

[5] The first indoor climbing hall in the world was inaugurated in Brussels, Belgium on May 16, 1987, by Isabelle Dorsimond and Marc Bott.

[2] Terres Neuves integrated the concept of pre-drilled plywood walls fitted with T-nuts, as developed in 1986 by the Brussels-based firm Alpi'In.

[10] More recently, indoor climbing terrain is constructed of plywood over a metal frame, with bolted-on plastic hand and footholds, and sometimes spray-coated with texture to simulate a rock face.

Climbing artificial walls, especially indoors, is much safer because anchor points and holds are able to be more firmly fixed, and environmental conditions can be controlled.