Close-in weapon system

Missile-based CIWSs use either infra-red, passive radar/ESM, or semi-active radar terminal guidance to guide missiles to the targeted enemy aircraft or other threats.

A gun-based CIWS usually consists of a combination of radars, computers and rotary or revolver cannon placed on a rotating, automatically aimed gun mount.

The expected real-world kill-distance of an incoming anti-ship missile is about 500 m (1,600 ft) or less,[4] still close enough to cause damage to the ship's sensor or communication arrays, or to wound or kill exposed personnel.

Thus some CIWS like Russian Kashtan and Pantsir systems are augmented by installing the close range surface-to-air missiles on the same mounting for increased tactical flexibility.

1,050 m/s (3,400 ft/s) A missile-based CIWS comprises a combination of radars and computers connected to either a rotating, automatically aimed launcher mount or vertical launching system.

Kashtan CIWS
Phalanx CIWS and Aselsan STOP aboard the TCG ship Anadolu
Similar to Kashtan CIWS and Pantsir-M , the Russian-designed Palma CIWS is also a combination of rapid-firing rotary cannons and short-range surface-to-air missiles such as the 9M337 Sosna-R .