Closed list

Condorcet methods Positional voting Cardinal voting Quota-remainder methods Approval-based committees Fractional social choice Semi-proportional representation By ballot type Pathological response Strategic voting Paradoxes of majority rule Positive results Closed list describes the variant of party-list systems where voters can effectively vote for only political parties as a whole; thus they have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected.

In closed list systems, each political party has pre-decided who will receive the seats allocated to that party in the elections,[1] so that the candidates positioned highest on this list tend to always get a seat in the parliament while the candidates positioned very low on the closed list will not.

"The water mark" is the number of seats a specific party can be expected to achieve.

The number of seats that the party wins, combined with the candidates' positions on the party's list, will then determine whether a particular candidate will get a seat.

Mixed electoral system using closed lists for the proportional componentParty block voting (general ticket) with a closed list

Countries using closed-lists as of 2022 in the electoral system of their legislature (unicameral, or lower chamber)
Proportional representation: countries where all parties use a closed-list
Proportional representation: countries where only some parties use a closed-list
Mixed-member proportional systems with closed-lists
Mixed-member majoritarian representation with closed-lists