Hunting of migratory birds such as ducks and geese is managed cooperatively by state fish and wildlife agencies and the U.S.
In the US, for example, each state creates laws and codes governing the season dates and species, established on a complex process including citizen input, a state fish and game agency or department, and often an independent game council.
This process updates a game code for each state which outlines all rules and regulations including hunting seasons.
[4] For other animals such as elk, the archery hunting season is during their breeding time, making it a little easier for archers to get within ethical shooting range.
The closed season is timed to prevent hunting during times of peak reproductive activity, impaired flying ability during moulting (of game birds such as waterfowl), and temperature extremes, low population levels and food shortage.