Colchester was a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1935.

It was created in the British North America Act, 1867, and was abolished in 1933 when it was merged into Colchester—Hants riding.

The district consisted of the County of Colchester.

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament: On Mr. McLellan being called to the Senate, August 1869 On Mr. Archibald being appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories, May 1870

On Mr. McKay being un-seated on petition, 14 November 1874 On Thomas McKay's resignation in June 1881 On Mr. McLelan being un-seated for bribery by agents On Mr. McLelan being appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia On Mr. Dimock's election being declared void, 19 January 1897 On Mr. Laurence being appointed Judge, 4 November 1907 On Mr. McCurdy being appointed Minister of Public Works, 13 July 1920