On April 19, 1940, during the Provincial Chapter in the old Convent in Intramuros (Manila), the idea of establishing a Center of Learning of the Augustinian Recollect was put forward.

On October 12, 1940, with the execution of an Absolute Deed of Sale, the Augustinian Recollect Fathers acquired a 13,565 square meter lot for Php 4,400 from Don Emilio Broce along Azcona St. Fr.

The school was converted into a hospital and later on, was used by the United States Armed Forces in the Far East as a training camp for Filipino recruits who were later sent to the battlefront.

With the arrival of the Japanese Imperial Army in San Carlos City, it took over the school, and made it their headquarters and jail.

By virtue of the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 or the Republic Act 10533, CST-R opened the Senior High School Department in June 2016 and offered the Academic Track covering Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy & Business Management (ABM), and the General Academic Strand (GAS).

On their graduation day, they were the first to wear the iconic gold and red toga especially designed for Colegio de Sto.

During the onset of the pandemic that closed down Philippine schools, CST-R stayed true to its 80th Foundation Anniversary Theme: "Timeless.

CST-R transformed delivery modes into Online Learning and Modular Classes to continue education even when students are barred from campuses due to COVID-19.

Joel Alve, OAR, school director & principal, CST-R aims to finally open its College Department and to transition into the new TLMS with Blended Learning Set-Up as an added class option.

3, series of 2022 from the Commission on Higher Education Region VI Office, CST-R opened up the College of Business, offering the Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship.

14, series of 2022 from CHED R6O, the College of Criminal Justice Education was opened, offering the Bachelor of Science in Criminology.