As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,065 and it contained 467 housing units.

[4] According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 36.43 square miles (94.4 km2), of which 36.18 square miles (93.7 km2) (or 99.31%) is land and 0.25 square miles (0.65 km2) (or 0.69%) is water.

[4] (This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

The township contains three cemeteries: Burton, Robinson and Wininger.

Columbia Township is in Northeast Dubois County School Corporation.