The department is headquartered in Canberra, and has offices in Melbourne, Sydney, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Newcastle, Darwin and Launceston.

Since 2023 its current Chief Executive Officer is Greg Vines, former Deputy Director-General for the International Labour Organization (2012-2022).

[3] Comcare also provides secretariat, policy and legislative support to Seacare - the Seafarers' Safety, Rehabilitation and Compensation Authority - in administering the Seafarers Rehabilitation and Compensation Act 1992, the Occupational Health and Safety (Maritime Industry) Act 1993, the Seafarers Rehabilitation and Compensation Levy Act 1992, and the Seafarers Rehabilitation and Compensation Levy Collection Act 1992.

Comcare provides advice to the Minister for Industrial Relations on issues relating to the administration of the Commonwealth's work health and safety and workers' compensation frameworks.

Comcare works with employees and other workers, employers, service providers and other organisations to:[7]