Commander
Commander is also used as a rank or title in other formal organizations, including several police forces.
In the navy of the Dutch Republic, anyone who commanded a ship or a fleet without having an appropriate rank to do so could be called a Commandeur.
This included ad hoc fleet commanders and acting captains (Luitenant-Commandeur).
The Dutch use of the title as a rank lives on in the Royal Netherlands Navy, as the equivalent of commodore.
In the air force, Comandor is below the rank of General de flotilă aeriană (lit.
[2][3] The rank was also used in the Royal Romanian Air Force and Navy until the proclamation of the Republic.
Since the British Royal Air Force's mid-rank officers' ranks are modelled on those of the Royal Navy, the term wing commander is used as a rank, and this is the equivalent of a lieutenant colonel in the army or a commander in the navy.
The rank stripes had the usual Royal Navy curl, and they were surmounted by an eagle.
In the United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, commander (abbreviated "CDR") is a senior-grade officer rank, with the pay grade of O-5.
Promotion to commander in the U.S. Navy is governed by United States Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) of 1980 or its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (ROPMA).
DOPMA/ROPMA guidelines suggest that 70% of lieutenant commanders should be promoted to commander after serving a minimum of three years at their present rank and after attaining 15 to 17 years of cumulative commissioned service, although this percentage may vary and be appreciably less for certain officer designators (i.e., primary "specialties") depending on defense budgets, force structure, and the needs of the service.
For instance, as in various small colonial settlements (such as various Caribbean islands) commanding the garrison was the crux of the top job, the military title Commandeur could be used instead of a civilian gubernatorial style, not unlike the Portuguese captain-major.
The Guardia Civil shares the army ranks, and the officer commanding a house-garrison (usually an NCO or a lieutenant, depending on the size) is addressed as the comandante de puesto (post commander).
The commander is the captain of the ship, and makes all real-time critical decisions on behalf of the crew and in coordination with the Mission Control Center (MCC).
In forces outside London, the rank equates to assistant chief constable which bears the same insignia.
The Metropolitan Police Service announced that by summer 2018 the rank would be phased out, along with that of chief inspector.
[36] However, in August 2017 it was announced that the new Commissioner Cressida Dick had cancelled the plan to phase them out.
[37] The rank badge worn by a commander or an assistant chief constable consists of crossed tipstaves within a wreath.
Within the Metropolitan Police Service, the tips of the tipstaves are blue and not red, unlike other forces.
The insignia consists of a crown over three bath stars in a triangular formation, equivalent to a brigadier in the army.
The Jacksonville Sheriff's Office replaced the Assistant Chief rank with commander.
In the British Venerable Order of Saint John, a commander ranks below a knight.
