Christians Muslims Nigeria Bola Tinubu (2023–present) Muhammadu Buhari (2015–23) Goodluck Jonathan (2010–15) Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (2007–10) Olusegun Obasanjo (1999–07) Bashir Salihi Magashi (2019–2023) Mansur Mohammed Dan Ali (2015–19) Aliyu Mohammed Gusau (2014–15) Olusola Obada (2012–13) Haliru Mohammed Bello (2011–12) Adetokunbo Kayode (2010–11) Godwin Abbe (2009–10) Shettima Mustapha (2008–09) Yayale Ahmed (2007–08) Thomas Aguiyi-Ironsi (2006–07) Rabiu Kwankwaso (2003–07) Communal conflicts in Nigeria[3] can be divided into two broad categories:[4][dubious – discuss] The most impacted states are those of the Nigerian Middle Belt like Benue, Taraba and Plateau.

[18] As observed from a "Push and pull" model, desertification, landslides, droughts, pollution, sand storms, and diseases that have all transpired from climatic changes have led Fulani Herdsmen to leave their communities.

Thus, many Fulani's, also known as "the Bororos", are inclined to migrate south where there is improved vegetation, weather conditions, market opportunities, and hopefulness.

[citation needed][21] The majority of farmer–herder clashes have occurred between Muslim Fulani herdsmen and Christian peasants, exacerbating ethnoreligious hostilities.

As the Bororo Fulani pastoralists integrated into this region the cattle they owned started damaging Yoruba farmers' crops and plants.

In July 2023, As of the most recent updates, the intercommunal violence in Plateau State, Nigeria, has resulted in the displacement of more than 80,000 people and a reported death toll of around 300.

The conflict primarily involves clashes between Muslim nomadic herders and Christian farming communities, posing a significant security challenge for the region.

In response, the Nigerian military has taken measures to strengthen security and address the ongoing violence with the aim of restoring stability in the affected areas.

[citation needed] Furthermore, it is easier to herd animals in these open land spaces rather than in condense areas replete of bushes.

[citation needed] Additional instances of ethnic violence in Nigeria exist;[33] these are often urban riots or such, for example the Yoruba-Hausa disturbances in Lagos,[34][35] the Igbo massacre of 1966 or the clashes between the Itsekiri and the Ijaw in Delta state.