The Communist Party of Byelorussia (CPB; Russian: Коммунистическая партия Белоруссии, romanized: Kommunisticheskaya partiya Byelorussii; Belarusian: Камуністычная партыя Беларусі, romanized: Kamunistyčnaja partyja Bielarusi) was the ruling communist party of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, a constituent republic of the Soviet Union from 1922, that existed from 1917 to 1991.

Because the Central Committee met twice a year, most day-to-day duties and responsibilities were vested in the Politburo, (previously the Presidium), the Secretariat.

The party leader was the de facto chairman of the CPB Politburo and chief executive of the Republic.

Byelorussian Communist Party First Secretary Alexander Miasnikian, however, initially having held control of Minsk, was seemingly unwilling to share collective influence regarding the future affairs of Byelorussia.

These formative years tended to halt specific social developments pushed by the Communist Party, hindering much for the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.