It was at one time Italy's largest Maoist group, until it changed affiliation and sided with Albania.

Only persons who showed they knew the thought of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Mao and who actively devoted themselves to the cause of the Proletarian Revolution, could join the party.

For the revolutionary activists of the PCd'I (m-l), the only way was the revolution, the dictatorship of the proletariat, and to realize communism in Italy through the nationalization of the means of production and of exchange, and a planned economy.

Osvaldo Pesce and Dino Dini made a delegation to Peking and met Mao and other important Chinese leaders.

The meeting was immortalized in a photo published by the newspaper Nuova Unità, in which the two Italian representatives were seen together with the Chinese leaders.