Compulsory education
[1] All countries except Bhutan, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vatican City have compulsory education laws.
[citation needed] It also instilled values of ethics and social communications abilities in teenagers, and it would allow immigrants to fit in the unacquainted society of a new country.
In general, governments in Europe and Latin America began to intervene in primary education an average of 107 years before democratization as measured by Polity.
However, instances are generally tied to royal, religious or military organizations—substantially different from modern notions of compulsory education.
[10][dubious – discuss] The Protestant Reformation prompted the establishment of compulsory education for boys and girls, first in regions that are now part of Germany, and later in Europe and in the United States.
Martin Luther's text An die Ratsherren aller Städte deutschen Landes (To the Councillors of all Towns in German Countries, 1524) called for establishing compulsory schooling so that all parishioners would be able to read the Bible by themselves.
[12] In 1592, the German Duchy Palatine Zweibrücken became the first territory in the world with compulsory education for girls and boys,[13] followed in 1598 by Strasbourg, then a free city of the Holy Roman Empire and now part of France.
The Parliament of Scotland confirmed this with the Education Act 1633 and created a local land-based tax to provide the required funding.
In the United States, following Luther and other Reformers, the Separatist Congregationalists who founded Plymouth Colony in 1620, obliged parents to teach their children how to read and write.
The teachers, often former soldiers, were asked to cultivate silk worms to make a living besides contributions from the local citizens and municipalities.
It was quickly adopted by the governments in Denmark-Norway and Sweden, and also in Finland, Estonia and Latvia within the Russian Empire, and later England and Wales and France.
During the July Monarchy, government officials proposed a variety of public primary education provisions, culminating in the Guizot Law of 28 June 1833.
The Guizot law mandated that all communes provide education for boys and required that schools implement a curriculum focused on religious and moral instruction.
[26] In 1922 an attempt was made by the voters of Oregon to enact the Oregon Compulsory Education Act, which would require all children between the ages of 8 and 16 to attend public schools, only leaving exceptions for mentally or physically unfit children, exceeding a certain living distance from a state school, or having written consent from a county superintendent to receive private instruction.
In line with the overall goals of the regime's Five Year Plans, the motivation behind education provision and literacy instruction was to "train a new generation of technically skilled and scientifically literate citizens.
No possible source of talent could be left untapped, and the only way of meeting these needs was by the rapid development of a planned system of mass education.
[32] It was designed to promote "universalization", the closure of the education gap by economic development and between rural and urban areas by provision of safe and high-quality schools.
