In the 1800s, Paleo-Indians lived in the county and left behind archaeological remains of a burned-rock midden.

Athabascan-speaking Indians associated with the pre-horse Plains culture live in this part of Texas.

Later native inhabitants included Jumano, Tonkawa, Comanche and Lipan Apache.

[4] The county seat was formally established and named Paint Rock after the nearby pictographs.

The Fort Worth and Rio Grande Railway was completed across the southeastern corner of the county in 1911, and the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe railroad finished a line to Eden in 1912.

[9] At the 2000[needs update] census,[15] 3,966 people, 1,058 households and 757 families resided in the county.

[16] As a result, the county had the highest gender ratio in the United States with 232 men to every 100 women.

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