It contains clay bluffs, part of the terminal moraine, formed when the Wisconsin Glacier receded 10,000 years ago.
[4] The park was slated for improvements during 2008–2009, including the restoration of the Biddle House, new educational exhibits, and a second playground, one of five which are planned for Staten Island as part of Mayor Michael Bloomberg's PlaNYC initiative.
In the late 18th century, George H. Pepper of the American Museum of Natural History conducted archaeological digs on the site, unearthing the remains of Lenape buried there.
The Lenape graveyard was looted for many years by area inhabitants and others seeking to recover the grave goods buried with the bodies.
[7][8][9] The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated about 20 acres (8.1 ha) of the park as the Aakawaxung Munahanung (Island Protected from the Wind) Archaeological Site in 2021.