Normal closure (group theory)

In group theory, the normal closure of a subset

is the smallest normal subgroup of

containing

is a group and

the normal closure

is the intersection of all normal subgroups of

The normal closure

is the smallest normal subgroup of

[1] in the sense that

is a subset of every normal subgroup of

The subgroup

is generated by the set

of all conjugates of elements of

ϵ

ϵ

ϵ

Any normal subgroup is equal to its normal closure.

The conjugate closure of the empty set

is the trivial subgroup.

[2] A variety of other notations are used for the normal closure in the literature, including

Dual to the concept of normal closure is that of normal interior or normal core, defined as the join of all normal subgroups contained in

[3] For a group

given by a presentation

with generators

and defining relators

the presentation notation means that

is the quotient group

is a free group on

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