Constantin Brăiloiu (13 August 1893 – 20 December 1958) was a Romanian composer and internationally known ethnomusicologist.
Constantin Brăiloiu studied in Bucharest (1901–1907), Vienna (1907–1909), Vevey and Lausanne (1909–1912), as well as Paris (1912–1914).
From 1928 he and sociology professor Dimitrie Gusti visited the various regions of Romania in order to make sound recordings.
In 1931 he published the article "Schița unei metode de folclor muzical" (Sketch of a method for music folklore), which became one of the foundational texts for ethnomusicology.
He served as director for the AIMP from 1944 until his death in 1958, and collected musical recordings from all over the world.