The eldest son of Prince Mikheil (Tsiok) Dadeshkeliani, he succeeded on his father’s death in September 1841.

He ruled under the regency of his grandmother Digorkhan, who died in an armed conflict between the two branches of Dadeshkeliani of Svaneti in 1843.

In 1857, Prince Alexander Baryatinsky, Viceroy of the Caucasus, ordered Svaneti to be subdued by armed force.

Konstantine chose to negotiate, but was deposed on September 11, 1857, and ordered into exile to Erivan.

On a farewell audience in Kutaisi on October 27, 1857, he quarreled with a local Russian administrator, Alexander Gagarin, and stabbed to death him and three of his staff.