The Congress of Vienna obliged Emperor Alexander I of Russia, in his role as King of Poland, to issue a constitution to the newly recreated Polish state under Russian domination.
[2] A significant contributor to the constitution was Prince Adam Czartoryski, although the text was edited by the Emperor himself and his advisors.
It was never fully respected by the Russian authorities, and increasingly its liberal but ambiguous provisions became manipulated, avoided and violated by the government.
This disregard for the promised rights, among other factors, led to increasing discontent within Poland, eventually culminating in the failed November Uprising in 1830.
[2] The Kingdom of Poland was a constitutional monarchy in a personal union with the Russian Empire, with a common foreign policy.
A Senate numbering 64 was composed of nine bishops, voivodes and castellans and Russian "princes of the blood."