For example, Arkansas teachers must complete 60 hours of documented professional development activities annually.
[11][12][13] In a broad sense, professional development may include formal types of vocational education, typically post-secondary or poly-technical training leading to qualification or credential required to obtain or retain employment.
Individuals may pursue professional development independently, or programs may be offered by human resource departments.
[17] Professional associations may recognise the successful completion of IPD by the award of chartered or similar status.
Examples are the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors,[21] American Academy of Financial Management,[22] safety professionals with the International Institute of Risk & Safety Management (IIRSM)[23] or the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH),[24] and medical and legal professionals, who are subject to continuing medical education or continuing legal education requirements, which vary by jurisdiction.
[29] A systematic review published in 2019 by the Campbell Collaboration found little evidence of the effectiveness of continuing professional development (CPD).