In the 1870s Anton Novak, an Ethnic German colporteur of the British and Foreign Bible Society, began to meet and study the Scriptures with a group of Reformed Christians in Transylvania.

The Baptist Union of Romania was formed in 1920, but Saxons, Hungarians, and Rusyn-Ukrainians maintained associations to promote their own interests.

The Unrecognized Hungarian Baptist Union of Romania was formed around the same time in Nuşfalău.

Government instability and change brought varying challenges to the Baptists of Romania, especially from 1955 to 1989, under the Communist regime.

During this time believers were harassed, churches closed, ministers threatened, and educational work prohibited.