Copidosoma koehleri

[2] The polyembryonic encryrtid Copidosoma koehleri Blanchard naturally inhabits South America, specifically in regions spanning Brazil, Argentina, and Chile.

[2] The egg structure in Copidosoma koehleri resembles a dumbbell, comprising a bulb, neck, and a larger base, measuring around 0.17 mm in total length.

[2] These embryos differentiate into two distinct forms: one matures into an adult while the other transforms into a soldier, tasked with eliminating other parasitoid species within the host.

Initially, the pupa appears entirely white, but within approximately 24 hours, a brick-red pigmentation colours the eyes.

Subsequently, melanization starts, with the abdominal tergites being the initial structures to darken and turn black.

[4] Selecting the right habitat could significantly impact an individual's survival, foraging abilities, and reproductive success.

Consequently, C. koehleri frequently make adaptive choices regarding hosts based on their species, size, and developmental stage.

[6] The encyrtid polyembryonic parasitoid, C.koehleri, has been effectively introduced to facilitate the biological control of moths in potato fields across South Africa and Australia.

[2] Upon its implementation in Australia, it began to hold a vital role in controlling P. operculella, particularly following the introduction of a potato integrated pest management program that reduced the necessity for frequent pesticide applications.