In his career as a football player, Corneliu Robe played for four clubs: Colțea, Olympia, Unirea Tricolor and Sportul Studențesc all teams from Bucharest, his hometown.
He played for Olympia from 1925 until 1932, when he signed with Unirea Tricolor București, a club from Obor (Colentina quarter).
Corneliu Robe played for the Romania national football team between 1930 and 1935.
In 1930, despite not having any appearance for the national team, he was picked up for Romania's squad for the 1930 FIFA World Cup in Uruguay.
He played his first match for the national team at the 1930 FIFA World Cup, a defeat against the winners of the competition, Uruguay.