This has been achieved by the small European principality through a strong and stringent legal framework and effective implementation mechanisms.
Liechtenstein also has mechanisms to support the Penal Code, as part of its commitments to the international treaties it has ratified, such as the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC).
[3] A code of conduct was also established for the judiciary, along with specific measures such as the refinement of the criteria for assessing a prosecutor's integrity.
[2] Despite the robust legal framework that leads to a low incidence of corruption, there are still challenges that could hamper anti-corruption efforts.
[4] GRECO has previously stated in the early stages of Liechtenstein's anti-corruption reform that mechanisms do not take into account broad forms of bribery such as those that are not material bribes, such as gratuities and favors.
Governments had investigated and prosecuted high-profile individuals and corporations that used Liechtenstein's financial institutions to hide assets and evade taxes.