Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg, born 20 August 1727 (20 July, according to other sources) at Gedern, Oberhessen, Hesse-Darmstadt, in the then Holy Roman Empire, was a daughter of George August, Count of Erbach-Schönberg, and Ferdinande Henriette, Countess of Stolberg-Gedern.

She died at Ebersdorf, Thuringia, on 22 April 1796, at age 68.

She married Heinrich XXIV, Count Reuss of Ebersdorf, on 28 June 1754 at Thurnau, Bavaria, and had seven children, all of them born at Ebersdorf, Reuss-Jüngere-Linie, Thüringia.