Magdalena Catherine, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken (German: Magdalena Katharina von Pfalz-Zweibrücken; 26 April 1607, Zweibrücken – 20 January 1648, Strasbourg) was a Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken by birth and by marriage Duchess and Countess Palatine of Birkenfeld.

Magdalena Catherine was the only child of the Duke and Count Palatine John II of Zweibrücken-Veldenz (1584–1635) from his first marriage to Catherine de Rohan (1578–1607), daughter of René II, de Rohan.

She married on 14 November 1630 in Zweibrücken Count Palatine and Duke Christian I of Birkenfeld (1598–1654).

Magdalena Catherine brought as a dowry to her husband the district of Bischweiler in Alsace into the marriage.

Bischweiler was completely destroyed in 1635 in the throes of the Thirty Years' War.