The name Périgord derived from the Gaul tribe of the Petrocorii, who resisted the Roman conquest.
It was preserved in the early Middle Ages as the Petragoric land (Latin: pagus Petragoricus).
Périgord was a fief of the Duchy of Aquitaine, consisting of the three subregions of Périgieux, Bergerac, and Sarlat.
The county was bounded on the north by Poitou, on the northeast by Limousin, on the southeast by Quercy.
Périgord was one of the main battlegrounds of Hundred Years' War between the French and English in the 14th and 15th centuries.