Courtland is a city in Republic County, Kansas, United States.

[4] A post office was opened in Prospect (an extinct town) in 1878, but it was moved to Courtland in 1888.

In 1887, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway built a branch line from Neva (four miles west of Strong City) through Courtland to Superior, Nebraska.

[7] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.27 square miles (0.70 km2), all land.

[8] The 2020 United States census counted 294 people, 116 households, and 64 families in Courtland.

36.2% of households consisted of individuals and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The racial makeup of the city was 98.9% White, 0.7% African American, and 0.4% Asian.

34.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

Courtland Fun Day - annual summer celebration held the last Saturday in July since 1964.

The community is served by Pike Valley USD 426 public school district.

[23] The Courtland Tigers won the Kansas State High School boys class B Indoor Track & Field championship in 1961.