[4] That written record (and all other evidence) is preserved at least long enough for all appeals to be exhausted, or for some further period of time provided by law (for example, in some U.S. states, death penalty statutes provide that all evidence must be preserved for an extended period of time).
[11] Using a broader definition, the majority of courts in the UK keep records of proceedings.
For example, in many states, statutes provide that the power to fine or imprison lies only with courts of record.
That is not an appeal as such but a new proceeding, which completely supersedes the result of the prior agency determination.
Often, the review tribunal will not permit introduction of new evidence, or may have evidentiary rules that are quite restrictive.
[14] The primary function of the record is to serve as the basis for appellate review of the agency- or trial-level proceedings.
If either party takes an appeal, the lower court produces a copy certified by a unique seal to authenticate the formal record.