Known for his agility, crossing and shot placement, he is Adelaide United's all-time leading goalscorer and considered one of the club's greatest players.

After being cut during the Adelaide United youth team trials he moved to Melbourne where he signed with Victorian Premier League side Oakleigh Cannons.

[5] On 7 September 2014, it was announced that Goodwin had signed with hometown A-League club Adelaide United, ending a two-year stay with Newcastle Jets.

[6] On 5 May 2016, it was announced that Goodwin had signed with Dutch club Sparta Rotterdam four days after Adelaide United's A-League Championship Grand Final victory against the Western Sydney Wanderers.

[12][13] On 30 October 2018, he scored both of Adelaide United's goals in their FFA Cup Final victory over Sydney FC and won the Mark Viduka Medal, making him the first Australian to win the award.

[14] On 15 July 2019, it was announced that Goodwin's buyout clause was met by Saudi Professional League side Al-Wehda for an estimated $450,000.

[20] In April 2022, while still on loan, Goodwin had become Adelaide's all-time leading goalscorer, overtaking former teammate Bruce Djite's tally of 44.

[25] Goodwin enjoyed a successful return to the Saudi Pro League in the 2023-24 season, which included goals in his first three matches and a brace against Al-Ettifaq.

[28] Goodwin made his international debut for Australia on 26 July 2013, coming on as a late substitute in a loss to Japan at the 2013 EAFF East Asian Cup.

In the last sixteen, his deflected strike, ultimately credited as an Argentine own goal by Enzo Fernández, halved the deficit in a 1–2 loss against eventual champions Argentina in Australia's round of 16 match.

Goodwin returned to the field as a substitute in the Round of 16 match against Indonesia and scored a goal and assisted Harry Souttar in an impressive performance off the bench.