Credibility
He divided the means of persuasion into three categories, namely Ethos (the source's credibility), Pathos (the emotional or motivational appeals), and Logos (the logic used to support a claim), which he believed have the capacity to influence the receiver of a message.
Expertise can be similarly subjectively perceived, but also includes relatively objective characteristics of the source or message (e.g., credentials, certification or information quality).
[8] In 2013, a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press found that credibility ratings for major news organizations are at or near their all-time lows.
[9] "As audiences lose confidence in traditional news outlets, many see great promise in the Internet as a response to this crisis in journalism.
Instructor credibility, which is defined as "the attitude of a receiver which references the degree to which a source is seen to be believable",[12] consists of three dimensions-, competence, character, and caring.
Instructors who demonstrate competence, character, and/or caring are perceived to engage in a variety of effective instructional communication behaviors such as argumentativeness,[15] verbal and nonverbal immediacy,[16] affinity seeking,[14] and assertiveness and responsiveness.
According to studies, when instructors exemplify the qualities of character (i.e., kind, virtuous, good) and caring (i.e., empathetic, understanding, responsive), students report a greater likelihood of communicating with them.
Instructors who are interested in how students perceive their competence, character, and caring should examine how their in-class communication behaviors contribute to these perceptions.
They can evaluate themselves, go back over their lectures, scores that students give them at the end of the semester, and seek advice and training from their peers.
[20] Scientific credibility has been defined as the extent to which science in general is recognized as a source of reliable information about the world.
To be credible in the scientific field, researchers are to demonstrate expertise, reliability and objectivity, through methods such as peer and systematic review, and experimental studies.
[27] However, both the credibility and authority of science is questioned by groups with non-mainstream views, such as some advocates of alternative medicine,[28] or those who dispute the scientific consensus on a topic, such as denialists of AIDS.
In 2002 a doctor attended the hearings of a drug company that was on trial for the death of adolescents who committed suicide while taking their antidepressants.
The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act of 2002 was meant to strengthen drug companies' credibility by rewarding those that performed pediatric studies.
Utilizing online health information that is free of bias and includes the qualifications and background of the author or organization would be considered credible.
From clothing like running shoes and jeans to food and alcoholic beverages, branding is used to assist companies improve their street cred and better sell a product.
Uttal and the rest of the team discovered that CTO could use multiple resources to evaluate the desire for credibility and set goals for addressing the issue.
The credibility of a CTO is built by acting as a “technical businessman” to make strategic decisions that advance technologies to reach the company goals.
The CEO actively build credibility by consistently supporting the team, expanding the company, and establishing trust within the employees.
[43] Jürgen Habermas in his theory of communicative action developed four validity claims (truth, sincerity, appropriateness and understandability) leading to the concept of credibility.
In a different study[44] researchers empirically validated the claims and derived a two-phase model of "reporting credibility", where first of all understandability needs to be reached.
