Croatia competed at the 2009 Mediterranean Games held in Pescara, Italy, from 25 June to 5 July 2009.

This was the nation's fifth consecutive appearance at the Mediterranean Games.

It won 5 gold, 12 silver and 11 bronze medals.

[1] Legend: FA = Qualify to final (medal); FB = Qualify to final B (non-medal) M = Medal race; EL = Eliminated – did not advance into the medal race; * – Indicates athlete swam in the preliminaries but not in the final race.