The Cross of the Mount of Olives (German: Ölberg-Kreuz) was a Prussian award which was founded on 24 December 1909, by the Prussian Prince Eitel Friedrich of Prussia as a decoration to commemorate the foundation of a hospital, the Kaiserin Auguste Victoria-Stiftung (literally, "Empress Augusta Victoria Foundation, better known today as Augusta Victoria Hospital) on the Biblical Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.

His very devout mother, Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, was fond of charitable works and built several churches.

Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany and his wife, Auguste Victoria, had visited Jerusalem in 1898.

On 27 January 1907, the entire imperial family, both parents and all their seven children, signed the charter of the Ölbergstiftung.

The elaborate Protestant Ascension Church (Himmelfahrtkirche), usually subsumed under the hospital's name as "Augusta Victoria", was finished in 1914.