The village name is Old English (Anglo-Saxon) in origin, and means "Cudda's estate."

The Church of St Nicholas dates from the 12th Century but was much restored in 1857.

During the Second World War the King of Norway who was staying at the nearby Hartwell House attended a church service in the village.

Cuddington is centred on the village green and the road junction linking Aylesbury, Long Crendon and Haddenham.

The majority of the original houses were built on the north side but in the last 50 years or so new homes have been built predominantly on the south side.