The township was named for George Armstrong Custer, a United States Army officer.

[5] The township is in central Mason County and is bordered to the west partially by the city of Scottville.

[1] The Pere Marquette River flows east to west across the township, passing south of Custer village.

U.S. Route 10 crosses the township from east to west as well, passing through the north side of the village.

20.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.