The men's sprint at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy was held on 26 to 29 August 1960.

Italians Sante Gaiardoni and Valentino Gasparella won gold and bronze, giving Italy a four-Games podium streak with three total gold medals—second all-time behind France's five.

Leo Sterckx's silver was Belgium's first medal in the men's sprint.

Leo Sterckx matched the Olympic record of 11.4 seconds in the last 200 metres of the third heat in round 1.

Sante Gaiardoni matched Sterckx's new record in the second race of the fourth quarterfinal.