The men's sprint at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada, was held from 21 to 24 July 1976.

The event was won by Anton Tkáč of Czechoslovakia, the nation's first medal in the men's sprint.

Three quarterfinalists from 1972 returned: two-time gold medalist (and 1964 bronze medalist) Daniel Morelon of France and fifth-place finishers Niels Fredborg of Denmark and Jürgen Geschke of East Germany.

Anton Tkáč of Czechoslavkia had won the 1974 world championship and was a contender as well.

[2] Antigua and Barbuda and Yugoslavia each made their debut in the men's sprint; East Germany competed separately for the first time.