Cycling competitions at the 1980 Summer Olympics were split into two categories: Road and Track.

All four events of the track cycling were held at the Velodrome of the Trade Unions Olympic Sports Centre (Krylatskoye district, Moscow).

The 100 km team time trial event was held along the Moscow-Minsk highway.

The individual road race event (14 laps, 189 kilometres total) was held at the Olympic Cycling Circuit of the Trade Unions Olympic Centre.

[1][2] Women's cycling was not part of the programme for the last time, being introduced in 1984.