The women's track cycling sprint competition at the 1988 Summer Olympics was held from 21 to 24 September.

[1] The competition was held as a knock-out tournament, preceded by a qualifying round.

In the knock-out stages, the winners of each sprint progressed to the next round.

The eighth-finals were held as four sprints with three cyclists in each, with following repechages for the second and third placed.

In addition, a one-off four-cyclist sprint was held to decide fifth to eighth places.