[5] The Cyclops Mountains were given this name by Louis de Bougainville, who saw them from a distance while sailing along the north coast of New Guinea.

[1][2] A biodiversity assessment expedition conducted by a partnership between the University of Oxford, Indonesian NGO Yayasan Pelayanan Papua Nenda (YAPPENDA), Cenderawasih University (UNCEN), Papua BBKSDA, and the National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN) concluded in 2023 found a number of species new to science.

[5] The portions of the range above 1,000 meters are part of the Northern New Guinea montane rain forests ecoregion.

[8] A unique cave system first described in 2023 by a multinational team led by University of Oxford found a number of endemic species.

[5] The mountains are also home to a tree-dwelling shrimp, which has adapted to exist outside of water due to the consistently high humidity, as well as Mayr's honeyeater, which was thought extinct since 2008.