After acquiring the basics, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, Prague, where he studied under Josef Loukota [cs] and Jakub Obrovský.
By 1942, this was virtually his only theme, as he protested the prison camps, death marches and other evils perpetrated by the Nazi régime.
The figure of Don Quixote was a recurring motif of continued resistance, despite overwhelming odds against success.
Following the Soviet liberation of Prague in May, 1945, the Umělecká beseda (an artists' association) gave him a certificate of political reliability.
[1] It is unknown what the immediate cause may have been, but he had recently experienced short bouts of depression, related to the increasing difficulty involved in holding and manipulating brushes.