[1] His tenure was marked by bitter conflict with the union, culminating in the death of two striking workers on May 3, 1886, the event which precipitated the Haymarket affair.

In February 1886, he locked out workers, replacing them with non-union labor (“scabs”), under the protection of 300 armed Pinkertons.

[7] McCormick's daughter, Elizabeth, died at the age of twelve; in 1908, her parents established the Elizabeth McCormick Memorial Fund, which supported child health and welfare efforts in Chicago and nationwide for many years.

Physician and public health advocate Caroline Hedger worked for the fund from 1920 to 1942.

[9] See Chaim M. Rosenberg, The International Harvester Company: A History of the Founding Families and Their Machines (McFarland, 2019).